Moodboard For Magazine

Holby City Titles Analysis

The titles begin with a close up of a pair of scissors, and as the camera moves, a heartbeat sound starts up, and with every 'heartbeat', it cuts to a close up of something different- a dial, a drip bag, and hospital lights on a ceiling. From these images, I can connote that this TV Drama has the genre of hospitals. The heartbeat is obviously associated with the human body and also hospitals, and the sound of it brings tension and drama to the opening, giving you a feel of the show. The heartbeat sound is the cue for every cut, making it feel more like a heartbeat because of the rhythm and everytime it sounds, the shot suddenly changes. The BBC logo is shown for the first two cuts but then disappears. On the fourth cut, a character is introduced and the actresses name. The running theme of the heartbeat and cuts continues, with more close ups of a heart rate machine, operating equipment, body scans, pregnancy scans and needles. This use of mise en scene make it clear that it is a hospital drama, and throughout, thirteen characters are introduced with short clips shown in a blue/green saturation, both colours loosely associated with hospitals and safety and also ambulances. The main colours in the titles are black and there is a running theme of what looks to be orange and red light strips, connoting prehaps wires, blood, tubes etc. The music speeds up a little after the first four cuts and it sounds mysterious and quite serious. It is not happy music and in the majority of the actors/actresses clips they look serious and dramatic. The last cut shows the recognised logo of the show. The words 'HOLBY CITY' and the 'T' has been changed to a + sign, commonly used to represent first aid, also linking in to the hospital theme. There are 26 cuts throughout and the titles last for about 38 seconds.

Why Digital Exhibition is important for the development of a film?
Digital Exhibition put an end to 35mm film, and in 2005 several of the Hollywood studios funded for digital projectors. This means that they can send it to more territories, which before would have cost more as they would have had to of made prints, this therefore benefits them. It is very beneficial for independent film companies as they have a lower budget for reels, so they can now buy into digital exhibition and send it to more territories, where as before they would have been sending it to only one territory (e.g. England), It allows more people to see smaller films.
What are DSN sites?
The majority of The UK Film councils funding has been used to produce digital screen networks, dedicated to the exhibition of specialised films accross the UK. They help to get independent films into mainstream cinemas, 'This is England' had only 10 prints, but with funding from the British Film Council they had the film digitally formatted allowing it to reach 150 DSN sites.
Mainstream films
They are commercial films with wide releases. They play in first run film cinemas, which run mainstream films during the initial release for a certain period of time. They are then sold at popular stores (supermarkets, Game, HMV etc.). They appeal to many audiences and may include more than one genre. They have a multi million dollar budget and often make millions of pounds profit.

Independent Films
They are more original and do not use a film studio usually. They have a low Budget, likely to be under £100,000 and there is a risk that they will not make any profit, and if they do it is usually not very much.
The UK film council want to make non-mainstream films accessible in 3 ways:
1. improving access by showing non-mainstream films more regular on DSN screens, there are 240 throughout the UK.
2. Increasing information by putting information about a film on popular websites which allows them to gain access and information about the film.
3. Raising Awareness by getting funds for prints and advertising (about $4,000,000 a year) to help british distributors promote non-mainstream films.

How has the recession impacted on box office takings?
It has reached a high as it is a cheap way to be entertained, especially as companys such as orange provide deals offering cheap by one get one free tickets. As it is a form of escapism it allows the audience to get away from reality in a cheap and entertaining way. This is similar to the great depression and world war 2, as cinema was used to keep the morale of the British people.

Difference Between Mainstream and Independent Films?
Mainstream films tend to be the Hollywood blockbusters, they have a generalised audience, appealing to most ages and both sex's. They have regular showings in cinemas, showing in the majority of terratories as they have a bigger budget so they are able to buy more prints and reels. Mainstream films often go to DVD a couple of months after being shown at the cinema.

Independent Films are usually advertised below the line, and are mainly shown in independent cinemas such as The Phoenix, Leicester, they are usually shown once a day or week. They usually attract an Arty and Cultured audience or people with an interest in the film industry. They usually have only one genre as they have a lower budget, this also effects the way they are distributed to the cinema, as they will use a digital format as it is cheaper, because reels are a very expensive way to distribute.

What Is Monopolisation?
Monopolisation is the effect different film companies have on the industry, and which take up the majority of the market. The film industry does not have one dominant company monopolising the industry as companies such as dreamworks and universal compete to attract the market. For instance Wrigleys have monopolised the chewing gum market as they have the majority of the market share.

Films Advertising Through New Modern Technologies

Companys and Institutions have started using more modern technology to advertise films, such as social networking sites, movie websites, email websites and instant messaging programs.
Facebook uses fan pages for new and upcoming movies where Facebook users can 'become a fan', allowing the page to pop up in their friends news feed and 'suggestions' section. Films can also have an event set up, which is for the release date and people can click to attend or not and comments can be made on the page. Many pages hold competitions, for example the Twilight Saga New Moon. You had to join the page to be able to enter/vote in a competition to win tickets for the London Premiere of the movie. This is all below the line advertising as you must view the pages yourself and join the pages.



MSN's homepage has a link to their movie section, which hosts traliors of new films, reviews, cinema showing times, photos and news. For example 'Brothers', 'up in the air' and 'armoured' are all featured on the website, they also allow you to take a virtual tour of Twilight's 'New Moon'. This website mainly shows high budget films starring well known actors. On MSN's instant messenging programme, a pop-up method is used in the corner of the screen to advertise things such as music, but also new films. If you happen to move your mouse over it, it will enlarge an advertisement. This is all below the line advertising as you must access it yourself. MySpace also use their homepage to advertise things such as competitions, interviews, new music and new films. Films can have official pages, with photos, videos that can be added to your profile, news and blogs and a chance to comment on the film.


Orange phone company have Orange Wednesdays where their customers can text for a code to get two for one at the cinema on a wednesday, encouraging them to go and see new films. Other major phone companies have text alert systems that you can sign up to, to get updates on the latest films.


YouTube hosts HD traliors, uploaded by companies that use YouTube to advertise as it has more users. The companies have their own accounts and pages of which they can have a film related background to advertise as well. On the trailors/video blogs/interviews uploaded, users can rate and comment and review for feedback.

Class & Status Stereotypes

Higher,lowermiddle and class stereo type

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Distribution

LICENSING
Licensing is official or legal permission to own or do something, such as trademarks. They are also needed to certify films with the suitable age group e.g U, PG, 12, 12A etc. Licenses usually entitle the director of a film royalties paid for by the distributor everytime a film is shown. Major film companies, e.g Working Title & Universal, have the sufficient contacts and money to get their film distributed world wide.
PRINTS & ADVERTISINGThe quantity of prints produced depends on the film, whether it is low or high budget. Smaller budget films, i.e Dead Man's Shoes, will produce around ten prints to go around one country. Bigger films i.e 2012, with a larger budget, can afford to have around 1000 prints produced so that they can distribute it world wide.

A few methods of common advertising are methods such as posters on bilboards and buses and trailers and these are sent to press releases, interviews and cinemas. The larger film companies have more contacts and higher budgets, giving them an advantage with good press and bigger promotion methods. Above the line marketing, like magazine interviews and television adverts will heighten the publics awareness of the film and create hype.
DIGITAL DISTRIBUTIONDigital Distribution is involving computers like downloads etc. This works out better for independent film companies as it cuts costs on prints and will reach a larger audience as there are no limitations to sending it out.
FILM MARKETINGFilm companies release films on a Friday as the cinema's are most popular on a weekend, and avoid releasing it at the same time as another film with a similar genre/story line. An average of 10 films are released per week, making this more difficult. The film producers have to pay a fee to get the film on the market but a few film companies e.g Working Title have verticle integration which cuts distribution costs. It allows them to distribute it themselves instead of having to pay other companies.

Logistics Of Distribution

Logistics Of Distribution

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Comparing Marketing Techniques

Bridget Jones' Diary



used synergy marketing, where the company uses another companys successful products in order to promote their product. For instance, Bridget Jones' diary had adverts for the film on the wrappers of Galaxy chocolate and used Coca-Cola enterprises to be interviewed. Other products/companies that helped to promote the film were The Body Shop, Virgin Megastores, Atlantic and msn.com.
Most high budget films use a lot of visual marketing, which is advertising in the public. Bridget Jones used bilboards, adverts on buses, posters and television and cinema trailers. Lifetime TV also presented 30 clips to promote it.
Product placement is when products use the film to advertise themselves and in Bridget Jones, this technique is used by Galaxy chocolate and Wonderbra.
The Boat That Rocked


used synergy marketing by having a 60 song soundtrack and spotify advertising playlists for the film, as the film was strongly based on music.
They used visual marketing with posters, competitions, computer and phone wallpapers and trailers.
Two products advertised within their film which were Typhoo Tea and Roberts Radio.

James Bond, when advertising their film or advertising products within their film, went for a lot higher market things such as technology, Rolex, Aston Market etc. James Bond is worldwide known and mostly appeals to men, so technological products being involved with the film will relate more to the films audience.

Media Male Gaze

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Promotion Strategies

Above The Line marketing is marketing on a grader scale e.g trailers, bilboards and posters in magazines, on television and on the radio. These are ways of marketing that let you know about the film without you purposely going to find out about it. A film that uses these Above The Line methods is Star Wars, a very successful and big budget film.
Below The Line marketing is marking on a smaller scale e.g viral marketing, websites and youtube. With these methods, you have to take it upon yourself to find out about the film, for example you'd have to access a website yourself.

2012- budget: $200 million - $4 million spent on advertising
The Men Who Stare At Goats- budget: £25 million
Bunny & The Bull- budget: less than £10 million

The internet is a huge and successful way of promoting film release. Paramount's marketing executive used eventful.com to have movie-goers demand that new film 'Paranormal Activity' play in their local town. The town with the most votes would win a booking and if the film scored one million votes, then the film would be released nationwide, so the film release was decided by the public. These days, more marketing producers are finding more adventurous ways of promoting their film instead of just hard-selling methods on audiences.

How does the budget of a film of an institution affect the production practises used to appeal to the target audience?

The budget of a film institution affects the production practises used to appeal to the target audience because if a film has a higher budget, it can appeal to a broader audience e.g using higher profile actors to give them a bigger reputation and attracting more of an audience, making the film over-all more successful. For instance, in This Is England, it opened with many clips of historical events of the time (the eighties), which would appeal to the older audience who experienced the eighties. The film focusses on a young actor, who is a likeable character and so appeals to a wider audience again. If the film used bigger known actors it would widen the audience even more, but using unknown actors reactes more realism and makes you feel as if you're watching real life, so this way suits the film more.

Higher budget films can create purpose built sets which are more relevent to the film and make it look more professional and more appealing.

Hot Fuzz was a high budget film, which affected the actors they could hire (Simon Pegg, Nick Frost) which attracted people to it and it used a range of professional sets. The higher budget allowed the film to take on a range of genres like action and comedy, broadening the audience even more.

Dead Man's Shoes however was a lower budget film and did not have the money to appeal as much of an audience. The film would have appealed mainly to British, working class adults as it was based on violence, drugs, working class and swearing, making the age range older and making it unappealing to higher class people.

Low & High Budget Properties

I have learnt that low budget films, to keep their cost reasonable, do not use many/any extras and so the films usually look as if filmed in very desolate areas. Their sets usually have a basic feel and natural lighting is used to avoid having to pay for purpose built sets and special lighting equipment and if they use any special effects, they are usually very basic.

A high budget film invests in extra's and flashy settings (purpose built sets etc). The sets are professional looking and recogniseable actors/actresses are used to widen the 'bullseye', the viewing audience. This gives the film a good reputation and makes people more interested to watch it and people will have a higher expectation of the film.

Working Title & Warp Films Research

AOs
Production Practices to appeal to audiences
Distribution and Marketing strategies to raise audience awareness
New technologies to help target specific audiences
Audience and how they challenge institutions

1. Working title are a British film company that produce feature films and some television productions. Warp films is a sister company to Warps Records which is based in Sheffield. Working title is independent and Warp films is part of a conglomerate with Madman entertainment and they have agreed to make at least two films together in the next three years.
2. The ownership of the company affects the budget of the film because if two companies are working on one film, they can make it a higher budget film or if a company is rich. If the company is not so successful on it’s own then it will have to use a lower budget.
3. Working Title has produced films such as; About A Boy, Atonement, Billy Elliot, The Boat That Rocked, the Bridget Jones movies, Dead Man Walking, Hot Fuzz, Love Actually, Nanny McPhee, Pride & Prejudice, Shaun Of The Dead & Thunderbirds. Warp Films have produced films such as; My Wrongs, Dead Man’s Shoes, Rubber Johnny & This Is England.
4. The film Bridget Jones Diary was produced by Working Title and had an estimated budget of $26 million and made £282 million. The film This Is England was produced by Warp Films and had a budget of £1.5 million and it made £315,000 profit.
5. The production budget of Back To The Future had a production budget was $19 million and the film profit was $381.11 million
6. Working Title get their funds from C4 and BBC and Warp Films were funded by NESTA in their early stages and went on to be funded by the UK Film Council, the National Lottery, FilmFour and regional funding bodies.
7. Because Warp Films budget is quite low, they make short films like music videos etc and they only produce English films.
8. ?
9. The target audience of both film companies are British young adults.
10. The main genre of Working Title films are comedies and family films.

Film Budgets

We researched the film budgets of Hot Fuzz (£8 million) and Dead Man's Shoes which was £723,000

Shane Meadows Interview

Producing low budget films has taught him that you can produce a good film without famous actors, fancy sets and high-tech equipment.
He has learnt that using high established actors isn't always the way to a good film. The characters must fit the character roles and if a high established actor can't do this because of characters the audience may asociate them with, then an unknown actor is a better opetion.
He thought that recreating the 1980's and sticking to a budget was a challenge but he successfully found an old estate in Nottingham to use for his film which wouldn't effect the budget. He had to recreate the look with props and old cars, which he saved money by getting off ebay for roughly £100 per car.
Because the film had to be realistic, natural and domestic lighting was used to capture this, which didn't effect the budget.

LC Fashion Magazine- Preliminary

For our print prelimary, we had to make a school magazine and we decided to base ours around fashion as it is something that we are all interested in. We wanted our magazine to look professional and not tacky. We stuck to a grey, red and white colour scheme and the same font through out. This is to make it look professional and create a familiar and iconic feel to the magazine that readers would recognise.

On our initial mock-up, we decided on our colour scheme and most of the cover stories before hand but not much else. When it came to creating the magazine cover, we decided to have all the text on the right so that the model was completely visable and so was the text. We broke this convention once though with the mast header and we put it behind the cover picture and it slightly over-lapped.

We used these symbols on our page, inspired by GQ and Nylon magazine. They are interesting and break up the text.

Our cover picture links in with the text because it features Ross, the fashion icon we wanted to feature an interview with and this is expressed in one of our cover stories. We edited it to have a faded out coloured look about it to add a professional smooth look to our front cover. We continued these conventions and schemes to our contents page where we featured more photos with the same sort of effect as the cover photo.

From this task, I have learnt how to carry out professional conventions and create them in our own work. I have gained more of an understanding in photoshop and what is involved in creating a magazine cover.

Film- Preliminary

Our task was to film somebody opening a door, walking across the room, another character being introduced and a small amount of dialogue. We achieved this in our film, and we had a narrative about two slightly sinister teachers who want to get a student expelled because of his bad report. Our story board displays the shots in which we used, including zoom, over the shoulder shot, close up and mid shot.



We mostly stuck to our story board but we kept adding things in or taking things out and tweaking to make it better and more professional. We began with an establishing shot of the door and then slowly zooming in as a hand reached to open it. Another establishing shot was used as the door was opened, from the other side. We then used another establishing shot for recognition of the 2nd character, the 1st character walked into the room during the shot,I think the shot would have worked better if we had used a pan shot as we had planned in our story board, but the continuity between shots works well. A pan shot was used as one teacher handed the report to another and then an over the shoulder shot. We did a close up of the school report but around this point the continuity was a little iffy. We then used over the shoulder shots using the 180 degree rule whilst dialogue was exchanged. I think the 180 degree rule works well although once again our continuity could be improved, and we should have been more accurate with the characters positions when editing/filming. We then used a pan shot after the character said "out" and filmed out of the window zooming in on what was outside. We sped up and slowed down the pace of the zoom which we felt added a mysterious/scary twist, and may make the audience anxious, as it went well with the mysterious sound effect.
We filmed the scene a few times and then edited different parts together to get the continuity right. There was some discontiniuty with our props e.g the umbrella which was mainly for humour purposes. We used an effect with the film to give it a higher contrast and edited in the sound of a school bell to indicate to the audience that it is break time at a school, coupled with the food we used in the scene, to add to break time mise en scene. When the door is being opened at the beginning of the scene, we edited in a creak to set the mysterious and slightly sinister mood. We also used sound effects towards the end of the film, which was not on our storyboard, we added mysterious music as the camera zoomed in out of the window, we thought this would be effective as it would make the audience think and set an intense mood about what the teachers plan to do to the student.
During our task I have learnt about how important it is to get the continuity between shots and positions of actors etc completely right. At the beginning of our film, I think the continuity is good but towards the end it gets worse. Given another chance, I would have taken more time and detail getting these things right in our filming so that it looked more professional.

Evaluation Of Practical Practises

Film

Our task was to make a video using as many different shots as we had learnt. We responded well to this task as we made a well structured video about the school and it's nature :) and also about how dropping litter is bad. We added effects and music after when editing.

To open the film we used a pan shot, to introduce the video setting. We did a close up on a lady bird because if we had used an establishing shot you may not have been able to see the lady bird. We zoomed in on the leaves to highlight the nature at school. The next shot was a close up of some litter, and then we zoomed on it for a closer look. We used a tilt shot from below a tree so that the audience could see the whole length of the tree. We then used an over the shoulder shot of a conversation and a hand held shot of our walk back to the classroom.

The success of our project was that we edited in lots of interesting effects and music into the video to make it more enjoyable. We used good transitions between shots and sped up the video so that it wasn't boring. The failings of our project was prehaps that we didn't use all the shots given and that our video didn't have any kind of story.

The things I have learnt about mise en scene is the visual style in a scene. It's like a way of setting the scene and feel without any words and often reflects the feel of the film or characters.

The lighting in our project was not considered when we made it. We made the feel outdoors and so the lighting is natural, which fits in nicely with our naturistic theme!

Personally, I feel as if I need to work on my editing skills because although our film was superbly edited, it was a lot easier to do with the help of Lily and Jack and I don't think I fully understood how I would go about doing it alone.

Magazine

For our print task, we had to recreate an existing magazine cover and take our own shot.


This magazine follows the typical magazine conventions. It has a midshot photo of a person on the front and the magazine title at the top of the page in large lettering. It has cover stories and uses just a couple of different fonts and colours to make it look professional. The slogan 'Look smart-Live sharp' is underneath the title.

It does break the three-colour convention as it uses a total of four colours but it works because the colours are not too bright and don't clash. The colour palette suits the target audience because it doesn't have any pink or femine colours, and it is simple and professional looking.

The cover lines entice the audience because there is a range of content. 'How to dress for warmer weather' is about fashion, 'O Glorious Blu-ray player' etc being about gadgets, an interview with a celebrity and real life news. These would all interest your average man. The cover lines include the audience by using pronouns such as you, your and you'll e.g 'Barry Bonds wants you to kiss his astiesk', 'hide your daughters' and 'the most amazing gadgets you'll ever see'.
I think that the magazine appeals to both new and regular readers. There is nothing to suggest from the outside that you'd have to be a regular reader to enjoy the magazine.

I have learnt that detail and presentation and the way things are set out really matters in creating a magazine cover because it sets the feel for the magazine and it is important not to clutter it or use many colours or fonts.